Pioneer climate scientist tells us climate collapse is far worse and moving far faster than most American’s understand. 

The legendary James Hansen has never been an alarmist. He and other early global warming researchers (including the Exxon studies that got buried) were remarkably accurate; the caveat being that the looming crisis turned out to far more severe (and moving faster) than originally thought. Many long term climate scientists now regret they had not been more aggressive and assertive with their communications. The commentary below can be found at https://www.collapse2050.com/james-hansens-latest-warning/

Hansen’s paper is found here.

James Hansen first warned Congress about global warming in 1988. Pushker Kharecha is a climate scientist and longtime collaborator. They’re not activists waving signs — they’re the people who’ve spent decades knee-deep in the data, building the models, measuring the planet’s fever. And in their latest paper, they’re saying the fever’s far worse than the official diagnosis.

The planet isn’t warming by the “moderate” amount the UN’s climate panel still projects. It’s far more sensitive to carbon pollution — likely about 4.5°C for a doubling of CO₂, not 3°C. That difference sounds small. It’s not. It’s the difference between dangerous and catastrophic. And we’re already seeing the system kick into self-reinforcing overdrive: clouds that once cooled the Earth are thinning, reflecting less sunlight, letting in nearly twice as much extra heat as all the world’s coal plants produce in a year.

For decades, industrial pollution (e.g. sulfur from ships) masked some of this warming by bouncing sunlight back to space. Now we’ve cleaned up the air a bit. The masking effect is vanishing. The heat is roaring through. That’s why temperatures are jumping faster than expected. About 0.3°C per decade now, compared to 0.18°C just a few decades ago.

The Worst-Case Scenario

If Hansen’s numbers are right, here’s the ugly math in plain English:

  • We’re already at about 1.6°C of warming.
  • With current policies, we blow past 2°C in little more than a decade.
  • By late century, we’re staring down 4°C or more — a world where ice sheets collapse, oceans rise by meters, coastal cities are drowned, food systems break under heat and drought, and mass migration isn’t a crisis, it’s the norm.

And remember: 4°C is the global average. Over land, and especially in the interiors of continents, including life-giving breadbaskets, that’s more like 6–8°C. Whole regions become literally unlivable and ungrowable.

This is physics. More heat in the system changes everything, storms, rainfall, agriculture, ecosystems, economies, politics. And with the planet warming faster than models predicted, “later this century” is rapidly becoming “within our lifetimes.”

Bottom Line

The 1.5°C Paris target? “Deader than a doornail,” Hansen says. Even 2°C is wishful thinking without radical action. The worst and most probable case is that we keep going as we are, triggering total collapse.

But the message in plain terms? We are running out of time faster than we think, because the danger was underestimated from the start.

What You Need to Know

  1. Climate sensitivity is far higher than official estimates.
  2. The planet is absorbing far more solar energy than before.
  3. Cloud feedback is a big driver.
  4. Aerosol cooling has been masking more warming than thought.
  5. The 1.5°C target is already impossible.
  6. Warming is accelerating faster than models predicted.
  7. Major climate tipping points could be closer than thought.
  8. The science community may be under-communicating the danger.

If you want the deep dive (numbers, charts, evidence) read their full paper:

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Climate emergencies Summer 2025

Sucking up groundwater and dumping it into the ocean

A new sea level rise factor augments melting ice caps and thermal ocean expansion

Those who have an interest in such matters understand that rapidly melting polar land ice and alpine glaciers is contributing to global see level rise. That is a fairly obvious causal chain. Temperatures increase, ice melts.  Less obvious is global thermal expansion of the oceans as a sea level driver. But the science makes sense: as the oceans continue to warm, the volume of water expands. There is no place else for the water to go than crawling up the continental coasts and swallowing up islands whole in the open ocean. 

The second worst thing that happens when you use up all the water:

When you guzzle up the water stored in Earth’s aquifers and don’t replace it, then you run out of water. As agriculture, mining, industry, data centers and bottled water grifters exploit underground water stores without replacing it, people run out of water to drink. Mostly poor people. The water crisis is now a worldwide emergency, with major cities such as Kabul and Mexico City on the brink.

The other thing that happens is that most of the water taken from underground drains into in the oceans via rivers and waterway, contributing a third source of sea level rise. Recent estimates come in at 1,100 cubic miles of groundwater removed from aquifers since 1900 have ended up in the oceans. 

In California, so much groundwater has been pumped from aquifers in parts of the San Joaquin Valley that the land is sinking, wreaking havoc with infrastructure roads..

The current rate of groundwater depletion around the world in increasing alarmingly. 

Groundwater depletion raises sea leve

Groundwater depletion causes sea level rise

Climate emergencies Summer 2025
Global Climate Emergencies Summer 2025

Catch up on the global map of current climate events Summer 2025

WATER IS AT THE CORE OF THE GLOBAL CLIMATE EMERGENCY

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New fresh water from ice caps changes the salinity of the ocean / slows critical currents

As trillions of tons of land-ice melt and flow into the seas, it is not a mental stretch to understand that the only possible result is for sea levels to rise.* However, there is an equally concerning additional consequence: the slowing of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). 

The AMOC is driven by water salinity and density. When the waters cool in the northern reaches, they sink to the bottom which creates the overturning effect. When huge quantities of fresh water pour into the salt water ocean,  salinity decreases and the power of the conveyor system is diminished. Fresh water is less dense than saltier water.

There are trillions of tons of fresh water ice locked atop the Greenland land mass. When it enters the North Atlantic, it changes the density of the ocean, compromising the engine that drives the global current. Because the Gulf Stream carries warm tropical water to the North Atlantic, it is critical in moderating temperatures in Northern Europe. The slowing of this ocean stream will fundamentally alter the climate of Europe

*  although possibly a challenge for those who believe Noah’s little deluge covered the entire planet.

Ocean Thermal Expansion: In Theory and by a Simple Experiment

 

Thermal expansion: the hidden driver of sea level rise

Thermal expansion is a law of physics that affects all substances. Increase the temperature of solid, liquid or gas and it will expand. This is easily observable with water, including about 350 quintillion gallons in the global ocean. Heat it up, the volume increases. Where is it going to go? About half of the measured global sea level rise on Earth is from warming waters and thermal expansion.

Coastal regions around the world are experiencing shockingly rapid inundation as salt water moves into river deltas and water supplies. Islands in the Pacific and elsewhere are experiencing a slow evacuation as the waters close over once dry land.

The danger of groundwater over-exploitation – Eco-intelligent™

The expected water crisis from Global exploitation of groundwater is here.

The planet’s supply of groundwater is being rapidly depleted much faster than it can be replenished. In general, industrial and commercial interests outrank the human need for drinking water. Kabul (7 million) is running out of water. Tehran (10 million+) is running out of water. Bulgarian cities are already rationing. Mexico City (25 million+) is at the breaking point. Johannesburg (6 million+) has been running dry for a decade.

Some of the most severely affected regions include:

  • India is world’s largest user of groundwater; many aquifers are in “critical” condition as commercial interests deplete aquifers.

  • China  the depletion the North China Plain aquifer threatens crop production

  • Middle East Low rainfall and overuse lead to severe stress in Saudi Arabia and Iran

  • U.S. Ogallala Aquifer, the largest reservoir of fresh water in the world is being depleted rapidly, threatening farming

  • Mexico, Pakistan, Egypt – Also facing long-term groundwater crises

 

Wildfires in US West spur ‘fire clouds’ along with Grand Canyon “mega fire”

Two wildfires burning in the western United States are so hot that they are spurring the formation of “fire clouds” that can create their own erratic weather systems.

In Arizona, a superhot wildfire system has already destroyed the iconic Grand Canyon Lodge is responsible for burning 164 sq miles. It is one of the top ten recorded in Arizona history.  

An emergency was declared in Utah as a megafire near Monroe continued to consume 75 sq miles. Evacuation orders for several towns Utah in the fire’s path, as burned up power lines caused electricity to be shut off in communities in south-central Utah.

Towering convection clouds known as pyrocumulus clouds have been spotted over Arizona’s blaze for seven consecutive days, fueling the fire with dry, powerful winds, fire information officer Lisa Jennings said. They form when air over the fire becomes superheated and rises in a large smoke column. The giant menacing anvil shaped clouds can be seen for hundreds of miles away..

In this photo provided by Lin Chao, 'fire clouds' form near the Bright Angel Trailhead at the South Rim in the Grand Canyon, Ariz., Sunday, July 27, 2025. (Lin Chao via AP)

Pyrocumulonimbus: Fire Cloud

Fire-fueled thunderstorms known as pyrocumulonimbus clouds are sending intense winds shooting in all directions this week as smoke columns form and then collapse on themselves. 

a fire burns in the grand canyon

A megafire along the North Rim of the Grand Canyon

The US is woefully underprepared for wildfire season in spite of the bullshit spewed by the Trump administration. Twenty-five percent of the force has been fired.

Monroe Canyon Fire generating fire clouds

Monroe Canyon, Utah generating fire clouds

The Monroe Canyon Fire burning near Richfield in Sevier County continues to grow amid high winds and high temperatures.

 

More heat, more water vapor drive extreme weather world wide

The essential conditions for this decade’s violent storms to form are moisture and atmospheric instability. Those are the conditions we are now experiencing on a planet wide basis, accounting for a crazy uptick in devastating storms. 

First, in order for a storm to develop, the air needs to contain enough moisture. That moisture comes from water evaporating off oceans, lakes and land, and from trees and other plants.

The amount of moisture the air can hold depends on its temperature. The higher the temperature, the more moisture air can hold, and the greater potential for heavy downpours. This is because at higher temperatures water molecules have more kinetic energy and therefore are more likely to exist in the vapor phase. The maximum amount of moisture possible in the air increases at about 7% per degree Celsius.

Texas tragedy one for the record books

Texas Hill Country was beset by death and disaster Friday as at least 70 people were killed and about 20 girls attending a summer camp were reported missing after months worth of heavy rain fell in a matter of hours, leaving search teams to conduct boat and helicopter rescues in the fast-moving water.

Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick said somewhere between 6 and 10 bodies had been found so far in the frantic search for victims. Meanwhile, during a news conference conducted at the same time as Patrick’s update, Kerr County Sheriff Larry Leitha reported that there were 13 deaths from the flooding.

At least 10 inches (25 centimeters) of rain poured down overnight in central Kerr County, causing flash flooding of the Guadalupe River and leading to desperate pleas for information about the missing.

 

Moscow rain and heatMoscow deluge

A record-breaking 3.6 inches of rain fell on Moscow, during the night of July 21, 2025, flooding roads, metro stations, and underpasses, and causing widespread transport disruptions.

The extreme storms follow an extended period of record heat, and will likewise be followed by more record heat, with temps expected in the mid-nineties F.

Emergency floods shock New York and New Jersey

New Jersey Gov. Murphy declared a state of emergency covering all counties after severe storms crashed through the area, killing at least two. 

In northern New Jersey, between 3 and 6.5 inches of rain fell, with continued flood impacts expected on July 15, the National Weather Service in Mount Holly said.

Smith Island disappearing as seas rise

 

Record floods as South Korea hits 100 °F

A lethal pattern of extreme heat, high humidity and record downpours is continuing in South Korea and expected to last the summer. 

In mid July, areas of South Gyeongsang Province saw  accumulated rainfall over the five days at 32.5 inches. The aftermath of the storms have raised humidity levels to dangerous levels, producing heat indexes of over 100 °F.   The record breaking rainfalls caused flood and landslides, killing dozens of people.   

“With the seas surrounding Korea heating up, the atmosphere is increasingly saturated with moisture. The necessary conditions for intense weather events like this are being met every year.” – Prof Kim Kim Baek-min,  Pukyong National University’s Division of Earth and Environmental System Sciences.

Heat driven rains overwhelm UK sewage systems

This is a single example of what kind of nasty weather events are coming for most places that smugly think they are immune from the effects of global warming: Hundreds of sewage spills were recorded across England this as torrential rain overwhelmed water companies’ infrastructure.

Popular tourist spots from Northumberland to Cornwall were polluted with raw waste, as water companies were forced to discharge sewage through ‘storm overflows’. 

The causal chain is the usual: Rapid increase in atmospheric water vapor provides more energy for extreme storms combined with short sighted infrastructure decisions and privatization of public water systems.

Rising flood risks threaten water, sewage treatment plants

 

Floods devastate Venezuela

Epic floods devastate Venezuelan towns

Tropical Wave 9 interacting with the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) brought intense rainfall to Venezuela on June 24, resulting in severe floods, landslides, and river overflows across multiple states.

According to the Venezuelan Civil Protection and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), over 4 700 people were affected, either displaced, evacuated, or in need of urgent assistance.

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Romania smashed by flash floods, killing three

Flash floods triggered by torrential rains have displaced hundreds, left dozens stranded and killed a 66-year-old man in Romania. as July ends. Record torrential rainstorms triggering flash floods in the country’s northeast and killing at least three people, officials said.

Hundreds were forced to leave their homes as Romania’s rescue services deployed in the hard-hit counties of Neamt and Suceava. Helicopters and firefighters rescued residents, some of whom were trapped in their homes by floodwaters. Authorities said that 890 people were evacuated.

In this image released by the Romanian Emergency Services Suceava (ISU Suceava) a house is damaged after a flash flood in the village of Brosteni, northern Romania, Monday, July 28, 2025. (Romanian Emergency Services - ISU Suceava via AP)

Trump making climate science reporting disappear

Three current stories that are clearly part of the same story:

  • Methane detention satellite disappears mysteriously
  • National Severe Weather Labs to be shut down
  • Mona Loa CO2 monitoring station to be shut down.

MISSING SATELLITE: The MethaneSAT satellite was launched in March 2025 and began monitoring methane emissions from human activities with unprecedented accuracy. Operators have suddenly lost contact with no explanation so far.  MethaneSAT was able to pinpoint CH4 sources with unprecedented accuracy, especially oil and gas wells, pipelines, and storage facilities. Who can we think of that might want to make this satellite get lost in space? And has the power and money to do it? Methane is far more powerful than CO₂ as a greenhouse gas and its levels are increasing precipitously.

GUTTING  NATIONAL SEVERE STORMS LABORATORIES In the wake of the catastrophic, lethal Texas floods, the Trump administration remains committed to shutting down the nation’s network of Severe Storms Laboratories. These facilities are credited with saving countless lives by developing better prediction and warning capabilities. 

ICONIC CO2 MONITORING STATION WILL BE TRUMPED Mauna Loa has been collecting data on CO₂ emission for more than 65 years, producing the Keeling curve graph, the most dramatic and iconic demonstration of how human activities are collectively affecting the planet.

When it was established in the 1950’s  CO₂ levels were around 320 parts per million. Now they’re over 420 ppm. That’s a level unseen for at least three million years: the rate of increase far exceeds any natural change in the past 50 million years. Is this something we should know?

Mona Loa CO2 station to close

shutting down severe weather labs

 

2,300 people died in Europe’s June’s heat wave

 

A massive, relentless high-pressure system trapped scorching air from North Africa over Europe, bringing at least one more week of debilitating  heat. The atmospheric condition has resulted in sustained extreme heat, with daytime highs over 40 °C (104 °F) in many regions and unusually warm.

 

  • France:  two deaths , 300 hospitalized
  • Italy: red alerts in 18 cities; two men dead on beach
  • Swiss reactor shut down due to high river-water temperatures
  • Spain: Four dead in Spain, two of them in wildfire
  • Turkey: 50,000 evacuated as wildfires spread. 
  • Crete: 1,000 evacuated ahead of wildfires

Highest June temperature ever recorded in Portugal: 115°F: June 29, 2025  in Mora

Record-breaking temperatures
June was among the hottest ever recorded across Europe. Cities from the Arctic Circle to the Mediterranean saw readings typical of mid-summer — reaching 115 °F in southern Spain and Portugal and across the Straits of Gibraltar , frying Ben Guerir, Morocco a record smashing  117 °F reading. Southern and central Europe will continue to bake with no real cooling trend expected through early to mid-July .

Eiffel Tower Closed As Paris Temps Hit 102°F

Fatalities & severe health challenges
At least 8 heat-related deaths have been reported in Spain, France, Italy, and the UK, with emergency rooms seeing significant increases in heat-stress cases. In Sardinia alone, hospital traffic spiked up to 20% above average.

Wildfires and environmental damage
Heat has sparked major wildfires in Catalonia, Crete, Turkey, Greece, and other regions. The conflagrations have led to evacuations and serious damage to agriculture and infrastructure. Crete saw over 1,000 people evacuated, and Italy, Portugal, and France face heightened wildfire danger.

Economic disruption
Heatwaves could shave as much as 0.5 percentage points off Europe’s GDP in 2025 — up to 1.4 % in heat-stressed countries like Spain. Productivity losses are comparable to half-days of strikes.

Eiffel Tower's Top Floor Closed Through Wednesday Due to Heatwave

Europe is now the fastest warming continent: Scientists are clear: global warming is making Europe’s heatwaves more frequent, more intense, and longer. June heatwave events are now around ten times more likely than in pre-industrial times, and heatwaves are approximately 2–2.5 °C hotter.
Europe is now the fastest warming continent: Scientists are clear: global warming is making Europe’s heatwaves more frequent, more intense, and longer. June heatwave events are now around ten times more likely than in pre-industrial times, and heatwaves are approximately 2–2.5 °C hotter.
Monster wildfire over Torrefeta i Florejacs, Spain
Monster wildfire over Torrefeta i Florejacs, Spain
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Apocalyptic Gujarat rainfall event dumps 13 inches in a day, killing dozens

Rushing currents dragged Indians downstream to their death as record rainfall across Saurashtra caused led to widespread flooding. The tragedy unfolded amid widespread weather-related disruption across Gujarat. On Tuesday alone, eighteen people lost their lives in various rain-linked incidents across the state

As the 2025 monsoon continues, the effects of global warming are increasingly obvious each year. July opens with alerts for very heavy rainfall in multiple regions, including northwest, central, east, northeast and southern India. Key states like Maharashtra, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, UP and Kerala are likely to see intense rainfall between 27 Jun and 3 Jul.

 

Torrential rains battered South and Central Gujarat since early morning, leaving streets waterlogged and chaos unfolding across cities.

 

Gujarat flood: Nine people travelling in a car were swept away in Botad amid heavy rains with the NDRF recovering 4 bodies while search was underway for three missing persons

 

Antarctic seal population crashing as sea ice continues collapse

 

Several species of Antarctic seals are discovering that looking cute is not enough to save them from extinction. The latest research from the British Antarctic Survey indicates that Weddell seals, Antarctic fur seals and southern elephant seals have all declined precipitously in the past 50 years. That is primarily because the ice they live on is melting, so they have nowhere to live. The ice is melting because of global warming.

Populations have declined roughly 7 % per year since peaking in 2009

Seals are apex predators, meaning that these declines are indicative of deep disruption in Antarctic marine food webs, especially krill and fish. As sea ice loss affects weather patterns and ocean currents, the cycle of ecological damage has become irreversible. The overall disruption also triggers new diseases in the form of viral outbreaks.  Marine life across the spectrum is not only affected by sea ice decline, but also the changing chemistry of the oceans as the increasing acidity threatens the web of life across the board. When the oceans are done, we are done.

Weddell Seals: A long-term study on Signy Island reveals Weddell seal numbers have plummeted by 54 % since 1977, largely due to melting sea ice, which they depend on for resting, breeding, and hunting. 

Antarctic Fur Seals: Their population has dropped about 47 % since 1977 in the same region. Especially vulnerable at Bird Island, populations have declined roughly 7 % per year since peaking in 2009—a dramatic crash linked to rising sea temperatures reducing krill, their primary food source.

 

Lake Tanganyika floods have no end as Burundi citizens move to the roof tops


Lake Tanganyika is Africa’s second largest lake. It has naturally fluctuated for eons, but global warming has changed the cycle. Surface temperatures of the lake have continued to climb relentlessly since 2018. This is turn causes heavier rainfall and increased flooding, to the point that the waters in the region never recede. 

“We’ve been underwater for years.” – Asha

 

With the lake swollen, the Ruzizi River is unable to drain into it, resulting in persistent floods that inundate surrounding areas like Gatumba on the northern shore. Death in neighboring countries included 260 in Kenyaand  155 in Tanzania.

The situation deteriorated further in 2023 as thousands near the capital were evacuated. The floods returned in 2024 and this spring as residents adapt by moving to rooftops as floodwaters engulfed entire neighborhoods. Twenty-nine people in Burundi were killed.

In the West, some degree of mitigation would be possible by deploying infrastructure upgrades to stave off the inevitable. But that won’t happen in Burundi.

 

An area affected by floods in the Gatumba district of Bujumbura, Burundi, April 19.

 

Ice is the key to the future climate collapse | Polar ice is melting fast, with multiple scenarios and surprising consequences | The collapse of mountain glaciers is equally alarming, but in different ways | Rapid permafrost thaw in Arctic regions leads to unforeseen consequences: especially CH4 release | READ MORE ABOUT THE ROLE OF ICE IN GLOBAL WARMING

“We’ve lost our village!”

The disaster in Blatten is only the most recent of an increasing number of catastrophic landslides caused by melting ice and permafrost. As Europe rapidly warms, rain is falling more often than snow, providing the heat and lubrication that brings glaciers to collapse. 

 

Unstable permafrost, melting glaciers are unleashing more deadly Alpine ice slides

A huge chunk of glacier in the Swiss Alps broke off in mid-May, dumping a deadly mash of ice, mud and rock down the mountain, burying most of a mountain village. The village of Blatten had already been evacuated was 90% buried by rubble. While this particular catastrophe was unprecedented in terms of damage, the frequency of Alpine disasters such as rockslides and glacial lake outburst floods (GLOF) has been increasing.  Permafrost in Alpine locations and also in the Arctic is no longer so “perma,” causing accelerated destabilization of tundra and mountainsides.

 ITALY 2022: Marmolada glacier landslide kills 11.The glacier melt has been accelerating, losing mass and volume for years.

READ MORE ABOUT THE KEY ROLE OF ICE IN GLOBAL WARMING

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Europe’s Alps and Pyrenees lost 40% of their glacier volume from 2000 to 2023. 

Glacier Lake Outburst Floods

Similar to Alpine rockslides but even more insidious are Glacier Lake Outburst Floods (GLOF). While the Batten, Switzerland catastrophe was unprecedented in terms of damage, the frequency of Alpine disasters such as rockslides and glacial lake outburst floods (GLOF) has been increasing.  Similar to Alpine rockslides but even more insidious are Glacier Lake Outburst Floods (GLOF).

WHAT CAUSES GLOF:

As glaciers melt at a frenetic pace new lakes back up behind newly formed ice dams in the Andes, Alps and Himalayas. When these dams break, massive torrents rushe downstream, often in a cataclysmic flood. These floods have become more common as global warming causes rapid melting of glaciers around the world.

Glacial Lake Outburst Flood Juneau Alaska
Flash glacier outburst flood in Juneau as GLOF events increase globally. In a repeat of a 2023 catastrophe, an “outburst flood” from the Mendenhall Glacier sent millions of gallons of rock and water into a neighborhood in Juneau. About 100 homes were evacuated and a state of emergency was declared. According to authorities, shocked residents managed to swim out of their homes in the middle of the night.

Glacial floods in high mountain Asia (The “Roof of the World”) projected to triple by 2100.

For the past decade, the valley has filled with rain and meltwater as the glacier recedes.  Then the water burrows a tunnel into the ice dam, which eventually breaks through and pouring into the city below.  

 

Multiple glacier landslides

Tibet 2016 double glacier landslides kill dozens

A glacier in Tibet’s Aru mountain range suddenly collapsed in 2016, killing nine people and their livestock, followed a few months later by the collapse of another glacier. The avalanche of rock and ice carried 60 cubic meters and covered about seven square miles. It was followed by another major collapse months later.

 

 

Glacial break causes major flooding in Alaska, officials issue emergency declaration - ABC News

Juneau’s Mendenhall glacier repeats 2023 slide, an ongoing warning with extensive damage to homes

More than 100 homes in Juneau, Alaska, were damaged by flooding in August 2024 after a glacial lake overflowed, sending surging water to nearby neighborhoods in what has become a recurring problem for people in the state’s capital.

Summer flooding is an annual concern for people who live near the Mendenhall Glacier, which last year unleashed flooding that swept away trees and homes, including two buildings that collapsed into the Mendenhall River, which flows through parts of Juneau.

 

 

  • ITALY 2022: Marmolada glacier landslide kills 11.The glacier melt has been accelerating, losing mass and volume for years.

The world has a third pole – and it's melting quickly | Glaciers | The Guardian

The rapidly melting “third pole” is essential to fresh water for billions.

Glaciers are melting away in all mountain regions on the planet, including the Alps, the Andes and the Himalayas.

Beyond the sadness of incomparable beauty lost, glaciers provide fresh water sources for several billion humans, especially downstream from the Himalayas. 

This global catastrophe will  manifest itself in two stages:

  • Increase in mountain lake water level, followed by extreme flooding (Glacier Lake Outbreak Flood)
  • Extreme drought and lack of fresh water on a massive scale, especially Asia.